Merge branch 'dev' - Game runs (without menu)

Known bugs:
    - when picking up food for the first time, one tail
      element shows up at top left corner

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ set(SOURCES
     src/render.c
     src/snake.c
     src/map.c
+    src/common.c
 )
 
 

include/common.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include "config.h"
 
 //===========================
@@ -10,15 +11,43 @@
 //conditional logging when DEBUG_OUTPUT_ENABLED is defined in config.h
 //example: LOGD("game: %d", count)
 #ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT_ENABLED
-#define LOGD(format, ...) printf(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGD(format, ...) printf("[D] " format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define LOGD(format, ...) do {} while (0)
 #endif
 
 //conditional logging when INFO_OUTPUT_ENABLED is defined in config.h
-//example: LOGD("game: %d", count)
+//example: LOGI("game: %d", count)
 #ifdef INFO_OUTPUT_ENABLED
-#define LOGI(format, ...) printf(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGI(format, ...) printf("[I] " format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define LOGI(format, ...) do {} while (0)
 #endif
+
+
+//===========================
+//========== DELAY ==========
+//===========================
+//macro for DELAY(ms) function that works on Windows and Linux
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#define DELAY(ms) Sleep(ms)
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define DELAY(ms) usleep((ms) * 1000)
+#endif
+
+
+//===========================
+//======= GET_TIME_MS =======
+//===========================
+// macro to get time in milliseconds
+#define GET_TIME_MS() get_current_time()
+// defined in common.c due to differences with windows and other systems
+int64_t get_current_time();

include/config.h

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
 // global configuration macros
-#define MAX_MAP_SIZE 10
+#define MAX_MAP_SIZE 20
 #define MAX_MAP_FIELDS (MAX_MAP_SIZE*MAX_MAP_SIZE)
+
 // logging settings
 #define DEBUG_OUTPUT_ENABLED
 #define INFO_OUTPUT_ENABLED
 
+
+
 // struct for storing game configuration
 typedef struct config_t
 {
@@ -18,6 +21,7 @@ typedef struct config_t
   int difficulty;                  // 0-3   //Schwierigkeitsgrad
   int snakeDefaultLength;          // = 2    //Länge der Schlange
   const char *leaderboardFilename; // Dateiname des Leaderboards
+  const char *defaultMapName;      // Name der map die initial geladen wird
 } config_t;
 
 // global config struct defined in config.c

include/food.h

@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 #pragma once
+
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
+//function that spawns food respecting the following rules:
+// - not at Collision, Snake-tail, Snake-head, portal-in, portal-out position (objects)
+// - not closer to an object than minDist (if possible)
+// - not further from an object than maxDist (if possible)
+// maxDist and minDist are currently defined in food.c
 void placeFood();
-// platziert zufällig (mit bestimmtem Algorithmus) Fressen auf dem Spielfeld
-// darf nicht auf der Schlange oder auf Wänden sein
 
+
+//function that returns true when snake head is at current food position
 bool checkEaten();
-// Überprüft, ob Snake gefressen hat -> true wenn gefressen
-// Vergleich mit gameData_t foodX, foodY
+
+
+// indefinitely spawn food and print the map to console until the program is killed
+// for testing and adjusting the food placement algorithm
+void startFoodPlacementTest();

include/game.h

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "snake.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "map.h"
+#include "SDL.h"
+
 
 // Enum that defines the current game state
 typedef enum gameState_t
@@ -18,32 +20,34 @@ typedef enum gameState_t
 // Struct that stores all data of the running game (all game-related functions access it globally)
 typedef struct gameData_t
 {
-  snake_t snake;
-  map_t map;          // definition der geladenen karte
-  bool mapIsLoaded; // true when config.map is valid
-  int foodX, foodY;   // Positon des Futters (es gibt immer nur 1 Futter)
-  int lifesRemaining; // implementieren wir nicht!!
-  int timestampLastCycle;
-  gameState_t gameState;
+  snake_t snake;      // data describing snake
+  map_t map;          // loaded map
+  bool mapIsLoaded;   // true when game.map is valid
+  int foodX, foodY;   // current position of food
+  int lifesRemaining; // not implemented
+  int timestampLastCycle; // time last game cycle started
+  SDL_Renderer* renderer; // used by render.c and menu.c
+  SDL_Window *window;     // used by render.c and menu.c
+  gameState_t gameState;  // state the game is in
 } gameData_t;
 
 // global struct for storing all game data (defined in game.c)
 extern gameData_t game;
 
+
+// run once at game start and does the following:
+// - init snake
+// - load map
+// - place initial food
 void gameInit();
-// berechnet BlockSizePx: windowSize/mapWidth
-// ruft snakeInit auf
-// ruft placeFood auf
-// platziert Wände
 
-void handlePortals(); //(local)
-// Prüft, ob Snake sich auf einem Portal befindet
-//if true: snakeSetHeadPos auf
 
+// when snake head is on a portal-input, sets snake head to portal-target
+void handlePortals(); //(ran in gameCycle)
+
+
+// function that is repeatedly run at every game tick
+// - moves snake to next position
+// - handles collision, portals, food
+// - triggers frame update (render.c)
 void runGameCycle();
-// checkCollision() auf
-// ruft placeFood() auf
-// ruft checkEaten() auf
-// if checkEaten then snakeGrow()
-// Snakemove(), TickTimerReset
-//ruft am Ende vom gameCycle renderGame() auf

include/input.h

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+// checks for and processes queued SDL input events and passes them 
+// to menu.c or controls snake depending on current game.gameState 
+// => has to be run repeatedly from main()
 void processInputEvent();
-//wird von SDL aufgerufen, wenn Taste gedrückt wurde
-//bekommt Info darüber, welche Taste gedrückt wurde
-//ruft zugehörige Aktion über switch caseauf
-            // z.B. bei Pfeiltaste -> rufe snakeSetDir auf
-            // im Menü bei Settings -> rufe menuNavigate auf

include/map.h

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
+
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include "config.h"
+#include "snake.h"
 
 
 // Struct that stores all information needed for one Portal on the map
@@ -11,32 +13,65 @@ typedef struct portal_t
   char *color;
 } portal_t;
 
+
 // Struct that stores all information needed for one Collision box on the map
 typedef struct collisionBox_t
 {
   int posX, posY;
 } collisionBox_t;
 
+
 // Struct that describes an entire map
 typedef struct map_t {
     int width;
     int height;
-    const char *name[128];
+    char name[128];
     collisionBox_t collisions[MAX_MAP_FIELDS];
     int collisionCount;
     portal_t portals[MAX_MAP_FIELDS];
     int portalCount;
 } map_t;
 
-//return true when provided coordinate matches a collision box
-bool checkCollides(int x, int y);
 
-//generate random map based on difficulty level
-map_t generateMap(int difficulty);
+// calculates width in pixels of one block in the SDL window according to currently loaded map and configured window size and updates the config.
+void updateBlockSizePx();
 
-//search and load map by name (if not found loads default map)
+
+// search and load map by name in storedMaps[] (map.c) 
+// stops program when map not found!
 void loadMapByName(char *name);
 
+
 //load map by passed definition
 void loadMap(map_t map);
 
+
+//load next map in stored maps (rotate through stored maps)
+void rotateMapNext();
+
+
+//return true when provided coordinate matches the position of a collision box
+bool checkCollides(map_t map, int x, int y);
+
+
+// generate random map based on difficulty level
+// NOT IMPLEMENTED
+map_t generateMap(int difficulty, int sizeX, int sizeY);
+
+
+void printMap(map_t map);
+// function that prints a map to console (stdout)
+// note: currently also prints snake and food which may be bugged/unintended
+
+
+// function that renders all current game objects to one 2d int array
+// NOTE: passed Array has to be zero-initialized! (int arr[][] = {{0}})
+// useful for rendering game to console or sdl
+// 1=collision, 2=portalIn, 3=portalOut, 4=snakeHead, 5=snakeTail
+void renderGameToArray(int mapFrame[MAX_MAP_SIZE][MAX_MAP_SIZE], map_t map, snake_t snake);
+
+
+// stored map presets can be globally accessed (maybe needed by menu.c)
+// not: maps defined in map.c end of file
+ extern const map_t * storedMaps[16];
+ extern const int storedMapsCount;

include/menu.h

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "SDL.h"
+
 void showStartScreen();
 //zum Starten Enter drücken
 //optional: "E" eingeben für Settings
 
+void showPauseScreen();
+
 void showLeaderboard();
 //zeigt die besten Spieldurchläufe inkl. Punktestand an
 
 void showSettings();     //optional
 //startet Settungs-Menü
 
-void menuHandleInput(int event);     //als Übergabeparameter: int(?) event -> welcher Datentyp hängt von SDL ab
+void menuHandleInput(SDL_Event event);     //als Übergabeparameter: int(?) event -> welcher Datentyp hängt von SDL ab
 //switch case für welcher Modus
 //switch case für welche Taste gedrückt wurde

include/render.h

@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 
 #include "game.h"
 #include "snake.h"
+#include "SDL.h"
 
 void renderGame();
 //erstellt aus Spielfeldstruktur die graphische Anzeige mit SDL-Framework
+
+int CreateSDLWindow();
+
+void DestroySDLWindow();

include/snake.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ typedef struct snake_t
     bool isAlive; // lebt die Schlange noch oder ist sie mit sich selbst kollidiert?
 } snake_t;
 
+
 void snakeInit();
 // Snake mit bestimmter Startlänge an Startposition erstellen
 
@@ -38,6 +39,9 @@ bool snakeIsAlive();
 // Überprüfen, ob Schlange noch lebt
 // Prüft Kollision mit sich selbst
 
-void snakeSetHeadPos(); // optional
+void snakeSetHeadPos(int xPos, int yPos); // optional
 // für handlePortals
-// generiert zufällige Zielsposition, wohin sich die Schlange nach Betreten eines Portals bewegt
+// generiert zufällige Zielposition(Übergabeparameter), wohin sich die Schlange nach Betreten eines Portals bewegt
+
+void snakeUpdateHeadPos();
+// berechnet neue Position des Kopfs anhand der aktuellen Bewegungsrichtung

src/common.c

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <Windows.h>
+#else
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+
+//============================
+//==== get_current_time() ====
+//============================
+// Function that returns current time in milliseconds (can be used on windows and other systems)
+int64_t get_current_time()
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+    //=== WINDOWS ===
+    FILETIME ft;
+    LARGE_INTEGER li;
+    // Get the amount of 100 nano seconds intervals elapsed since January 1, 1601 (UTC) and copy it to a LARGE_INTEGER structure.
+    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
+    li.LowPart = ft.dwLowDateTime;
+    li.HighPart = ft.dwHighDateTime;
+    uint64_t ret = li.QuadPart;
+    ret -= 116444736000000000LL; // Convert from file time to UNIX epoch time.
+    ret /= 10000;                // From 100 nano seconds (10^-7) to 1 millisecond (10^-3) intervals
+    return ret;
+
+#else
+
+    //=== LINUX ===
+    struct timeval tv;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+    uint64_t ret = tv.tv_usec;
+    // Convert from micro seconds (10^-6) to milliseconds (10^-3)
+    ret /= 1000;
+    // Adds the seconds (10^0) after converting them to milliseconds (10^-3)
+    ret += (tv.tv_sec * 1000);
+    return ret;
+#endif
+}

src/config.c

@@ -1,4 +1,15 @@
 #include "config.h"
 
-//global config struct
-config_t config;
+//define global struct for configuration values
+//default values defined here: (note: gets modified by map.c or menu.c)
+config_t config = {
+    .windowSize = 800,
+    .blockSizePx = 800/10, //default map is 10x10 blocks
+    .cycleDurationMs = 400,
+    .difficulty = 1,
+    .snakeDefaultLength = 2,
+    .leaderboardFilename = "",
+    //.defaultMapName = "default"      //10x10
+    .defaultMapName = "intermediate" //15x15
+    //.defaultMapName = "empty"        //20x10
+};

src/food.c

@@ -1,14 +1,150 @@
-#include "food.h"
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include "food.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "map.h"
+#include "game.h"
 
-// platziert zufällig (mit bestimmtem Algorithmus) Fressen auf dem Spielfeld
-void placeFood(int count)
+
+
+//--------------------------------------------
+//----- getRandomPositionWithMinDistance -----
+//--------------------------------------------
+// local function used in placeFood that returns random coordinates that have 
+// at least in_minDist blocks distance to every Collision, portal and snake block on the current map.
+void getRandomPositionWithMinDistance(int *outX, int *outY, float *out_minDist, int *out_triesNeeded, float in_minDist)
 {
+    //--- config ---
+    static const int maxTries = 50; // each maxTries the limits above get loosened
+
+    //--- get game frame ---
+    // get 2d array containing position of all objects of current game state
+    int gameFrame[MAX_MAP_SIZE][MAX_MAP_SIZE] = {{0}};
+    renderGameToArray(gameFrame, game.map, game.snake);
+    int foodX, foodY;
+
+    //--- search random location ---
+    // search random location for food that is within the defined min distance
+    int tries = 0;
+    //stores distance to closest block for return value
+    float minActualDistance = MAX_MAP_SIZE;
+newValues:
+    while (1)
+    {
+        // generate random coodinates within map range
+        foodX = rand() % game.map.width;
+        foodY = rand() % game.map.height;
+        tries++;
+        // loop through all coordinates of current game/map
+        for (int y = 0; y < game.map.height; y++)
+        {
+            for (int x = 0; x < game.map.width; x++)
+            {
+                if (gameFrame[y][x] > 0) // any object is present
+                {
+                    // calculate from random-coordinate to current block
+                    float dist = sqrt(pow(foodX - x, 2) + pow(foodY - y, 2));
+                    // save minimum distance
+                    if (dist < minActualDistance) minActualDistance = dist;
+                    // verify minimum distance is kept
+                    if (dist < in_minDist) //too close
+                    {
+                        LOGD("food: distance: min=%.1f now=%.1f => placed too close => reroll...\n", in_minDist, dist);
+                        // prevent deadlock if no suitable position exists - loosen limits every k*maxTries
+                        if (tries % maxTries == 0)
+                        {
+                            //decrease min distance but not below 1
+                            if ((in_minDist -= 0.1) < 1) in_minDist = 1;
+                            LOGI("[WARN] food: too much tries achieving min dist -> loosen limit to %.1f\n", in_minDist);
+                        }
+                        //reset stored distance and reroll coordinates
+                        minActualDistance = MAX_MAP_SIZE;
+                        goto newValues;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        //success: no block closer than minDist to randomly generated coordinates -> break loop
+        break;
+    }
+    // return variables
+    *out_minDist = minActualDistance;
+    *outX = foodX;
+    *outY = foodY;
+    *out_triesNeeded = tries;
+}
+
+
+
+//=========================
+//======= placeFood =======
+//=========================
+//function that spawns food respecting the following rules:
+// - not at Collision, Snake-tail, Snake-head, portal-in, portal-out position (objects)
+// - not closer to an object than minDist (if possible)
+// - not further from an object than maxDist (if possible)
+void placeFood()
+{
+    //--- config ---
+    static const float minDist = 3; // new food has to be at least minDist blocks away from any object
+    float maxDist = 5; // new food has to be closer than maxDist to an object
+    static const int maxTries = 25; // each maxTries the limit maxDist get loosened (prevents deadlock)
+    // TODO calculate this range using configured difficulty level
+    // e.g. in hard difficulty the maxDist could be <2 so it is always placed close to a collision
+
+    //--- variables ---
+    int foodX, foodY, triesMax = 0, triesMin;
+    float currentMinDist;
+
+    //--- generate random food position within min/max range ---
+    LOGD("food: generating random position + verifying min/max distance...\n");
+    do
+    {
+        // prevent deadlock when position respecting maxDist not found
+        triesMax++;
+        if (triesMax % maxTries == 0)
+        {
+            maxDist += 0.1;
+            LOGI("[WARN] food: too many tries for MAX_DIST -> loosen limits to max=%.1f\n", maxDist);
+        }
+        // generate random coordinates respecting minimum distance to objects
+        getRandomPositionWithMinDistance(&foodX, &foodY, &currentMinDist, &triesMin, minDist);
+        //restart when max distance limit exceeded
+    } while (currentMinDist > maxDist);
+
+    //--- update position ---
+    LOGI("food: placed food at x=%d, y=%d (took %d = %d*%d tries)\n", foodX, foodY, triesMax * triesMin, triesMax, triesMin);
+    game.foodX = foodX;
+    game.foodY = foodY;
     return;
 }
 
-// Überprüft, ob Snake gefressen hat
+
+
+//=============================
+//===== foodPlacementTest =====
+//=============================
+// indefinitely spawn food and print the map to console until the program is killed
+// for testing and adjusting the food placement algorithm
+void startFoodPlacementTest()
+{
+    while (1)
+    {
+        loadMapByName("default");
+        placeFood();
+        printMap(game.map);
+        DELAY(100);
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+//==========================
+//======= checkEaten =======
+//==========================
+//returns true when snake head is at current food position
 bool checkEaten()
 {
-    return 0;
+    return (game.snake.headX == game.foodX && game.snake.headY == game.foodY);
 }

src/game.c

@@ -1,49 +1,117 @@
 #include "game.h"
 #include "map.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "menu.h"
+#include "food.h"
+#include "render.h"
+
 
 // global struct for storing all game data
-gameData_t game;
+// default values where needed:
+gameData_t game = {
+    .snake.length = 2,
+    .foodX = 0,
+    .foodY = 0,
+    .mapIsLoaded = false,
+    .lifesRemaining = 1,
+    .timestampLastCycle = 0,
+    .gameState = RUNNING,
+};
+
+
 
 //========================
 //======= gameInit =======
 //========================
+// run once at game start and does the following:
+// - init snake
+// - load map
+// - place initial food
 void gameInit()
 {
-    //----- snake -----
-    // defines initial values of game.snake
-    // snakeInit(); FIXME: uncomment when implemented
-
+    LOGI("game: initializing game...\n");
     //----- load map -----
     //load default map if no map loaded yet
     if (!game.mapIsLoaded){
-        char * defaultName = "default";
-        loadMapByName("default");
+        //loadMapByName("default");
+        loadMapByName(config.defaultMapName);
     }
-    // place initial food
-    //placeFood(); FIXME uncomment when implemented
     
-    //----- initialize variables -----
-    game.lifesRemaining = 1;
-    // game.lifesRemaining = config.maxLifes; TODO: add maxLifes to config
-    // game.gameState = RUNNING; ??
+    //----- snake -----
+    // defines initial values of game.snake
+    snakeInit(); //TODO assign return value to game.snake?
 
-    game.timestampLastCycle = -config.cycleDurationMs; // next cycle starts immediately
+    //--- place initial food ---
+    placeFood();
+    LOGI("game: placed initial food at x=%d, y=%d\n", game.foodX, game.foodY);
 }
 
+
+
 //=========================
 //===== handlePortals =====
 //=========================
+// when snake head is on a portal-input, sets snake head to portal-target
 void handlePortals()
 {
+    LOGD("game: handling portals...\n");
+    // loop through all existin portals in current map (game.map)
+    for (int i=0; i < game.map.portalCount; i++){
+        portal_t p = game.map.portals[i]; //copy curren portal (code more readable)
+        // is at portal
+        if (game.snake.headX == p.posX && game.snake.headY == p.posY){
+            snakeSetHeadPos(p.targetX, p.targetY);
+            LOGI("game: entered portal i=%d at x=%d, y=%d -> set head to x=%d y=%d\n", i, p.posX, p.posY, p.targetX, p.targetY);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    // snake not on any portal
     return;
 }
 
+
+
 //==========================
 //====== runGameCycle ======
 //==========================
+// function that is repeatedly run at every game tick
+// - moves snake to next position
+// - handles collision, portals, food
+// - triggers frame update (render.c)
 void runGameCycle()
 {
-    if (checkCollides(game.snake.headX, game.snake.headY))
+    LOGD("game: starting GameCycle %d\n", game.timestampLastCycle);
+
+    //--- move snake ---
+    // move snake to next position
+    snakeMove();
+
+    //--- handle collision ---
+    //collision with map object or snake tail
+    if (checkCollides(game.map, game.snake.headX, game.snake.headY) || !snakeIsAlive()){
+        // show leaderboard when collided
+        // TODO consider game.lifesRemaining and reset if still good?
+        LOGI("game: collided with wall or self! => show leaderboard\n");
+        LOGI("DEBUG: collision currently disabled, game will continue in 1s...\n");
+        DELAY(800);
+        //game.gameState = MENU; //TODO add config.collisionEnabled option?
+        showLeaderboard();
         return;
+    }
+
+    //--- handle portals ---
+    handlePortals();
+
+    //--- handle food ---
+    if (checkEaten()) {
+        LOGI("game: picked up food at x=%d y=%d -> growing, placing food\n", game.foodX, game.foodY);
+        // NOTE: order of place and grow is relevant, otherwise function in food.c will access invalid memory
+        placeFood(); 
+        snakeGrow();
+}
+
+    //--- update frame ---
+    renderGame();
+    printMap(game.map); //render game to console
     return;
 }

src/input.c

@@ -1,5 +1,114 @@
 #include "input.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "SDL.h"
+#include "game.h"
+#include "menu.h"
+#include "snake.h"
+#include "map.h"
+
+
+
+//--------------------------------
+//--- handleInput_runningState ---
+//--------------------------------
+// local function that handles keyboard input when in RUNNING gameState
+// - control snake via WASD or arrow-keys
+// - quit with q
+// - pause with p
+void handleInput_runningState(SDL_Event event)
+{
+    switch (event.key.keysym.sym)
+    {
+    case SDLK_q: // q: quit
+        game.gameState = EXIT;
+        break;
+
+    case SDLK_p: // p: pause
+    case SDLK_ESCAPE:
+        game.gameState = PAUSED;
+        showPauseScreen();
+        break;
+
+        //--- control snake direction ---
+    case SDLK_UP:
+    case SDLK_w:
+        snakeSetDir(UP);
+        break;
+
+    case SDLK_DOWN:
+    case SDLK_s:
+        snakeSetDir(DOWN);
+        break;
+
+    case SDLK_LEFT:
+    case SDLK_a:
+        snakeSetDir(LEFT);
+        break;
+
+    case SDLK_RIGHT:
+    case SDLK_d:
+        snakeSetDir(RIGHT);
+        break;
+
+    case SDLK_m: // m: cycle through maps
+        rotateMapNext();
+        break;
+
+    case SDLK_2: // 2: speed up game by increment
+        config.cycleDurationMs -= sqrt(config.cycleDurationMs) + 1;
+        if (config.cycleDurationMs < 20)
+            config.cycleDurationMs = 20;
+        break;
+
+    case SDLK_1: // 1: slow down game by increment
+        config.cycleDurationMs += 50;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        LOGD("input: key %d is not handled in RUNNING mode\n", event.key.keysym.sym);
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+//=============================
+//===== processInputEvent =====
+//=============================
+// checks for and processes queued SDL input events and passes them 
+// to menu.c or controls snake depending on current game.gameState 
+// => has to be run repeatedly from main()
+void processInputEvent()
+{
+    SDL_Event event;
+    // loop through all queued input events that occoured since last run
+    while (SDL_PollEvent(&event))
+    {
+        // LOGD("event: %d detected", event.type);
+        //--- quit event ---
+        if (event.type == SDL_QUIT)
+        {
+            game.gameState = EXIT;
+            return;
+        }
+        //--- key pressed ---
+        // TODO also send mouse-events to menu?
+        else if (event.type == SDL_KEYDOWN)
+        {
+            //LOGD("keydown event key=%d\n", event.key.keysym.sym);
+            // run functions that handle the input depending on game.state
+            switch (game.gameState)
+            {
+            case RUNNING:
+                // control snake with keys (function above)
+                handleInput_runningState(event);
+                break;
+            case PAUSED:
+            case MENU:
+                // pass key event to menu handle function which updates menu
+                menuHandleInput(event);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-void processInputEvent(){
     return;
 }

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
-#include "SDL.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <time.h>
 
-extern "C" {
-#include "food.h"
+extern "C"
+{
+#include "game.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "input.h"
+#include "render.h"
 }
 
 //initialize SDL window
@@ -11,28 +16,80 @@ extern "C" {
 //uninitialize SDL
 
 
+
+//==========================
+//====== enabled test ======
+//==========================
+//uncomment one test at a time to run the corresponding code in main()
+//#define TEST__FOOD_PLACEMENT
+//#define TEST__SDL_INPUT
+#define TEST__GAME_WITH_CONSOLE_OUTPUT
+
+
+
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
-  SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
+  gameInit();
 
-  SDL_Window *window = SDL_CreateWindow(
-    "SDL2Test",
-    SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED,
-    SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED,
-    640,
-    480,
-    0
-  );
+  // Initialisiere SDL
+  if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO) < 0) {
+    printf("SDL konnte nicht initialisiert werden! SDL_Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+    return 1;
+  }
+  CreateSDLWindow();
 
-  SDL_Renderer *renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_SOFTWARE);
-  SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, SDL_ALPHA_OPAQUE);
-  SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
-  SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
 
-  SDL_Delay(1000);
 
-  SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
+
+
+  time_t now;
+  now = GET_TIME_MS(); // Timer startet
+  game.timestampLastCycle = now;
+  int diff;
+
+  while(game.gameState != EXIT) {
+    if (game.gameState == RUNNING) {
+        now = GET_TIME_MS(); // Timer startet
+        diff = now-game.timestampLastCycle;
+
+        if (diff > config.cycleDurationMs){
+          game.timestampLastCycle = now;
+          runGameCycle();
+        }
+    }
+    DELAY(5);     //verhindert maximale Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit der Schleife
+    processInputEvent();
+  }
+
+/*  time_t t;
+
+  long long ms = time(NULL) *1000;
+  game.timestampLastCycle = ms;
+
+  printf("timestamp: %lld",game.timestampLastCycle);
+  printf("ms: %lld",ms);
+
+  while(game.gameState != EXIT) {
+    if (game.gameState == RUNNING) {
+        ms = time(NULL) *1000; // Timer startet
+      
+        printf("ms2: %lld", ms);
+
+        if (ms - game.timestampLastCycle > config.cycleDurationMs){
+
+          game.timestampLastCycle = ms;
+          runGameCycle();
+        }
+    }
+    DELAY(5);     //verhindert maximale Durchlaufgeschwindigkeit der Schleife
+    processInputEvent();
+  }*/
+
+
+
+
+  DestroySDLWindow();
   SDL_Quit();
-
   return 0;
 }

src/map.c

@@ -1,43 +1,261 @@
+#include <string.h>
 #include "map.h"
 #include "game.h"
 #include "common.h"
 
+int indexLoadedMap = 0;
+
+//===========================
+//==== renderGameToArray ====
+//===========================
+// function that renders all current game objects to one 2d int array
+// NOTE: passed Array has to be zero-initialized! (int arr[][] = {{0}})
+// useful for rendering game to console or sdl
+// 1=collision, 2=portalIn, 3=portalOut, 4=snakeHead, 5=snakeTail
+void renderGameToArray(int mapFrame[MAX_MAP_SIZE][MAX_MAP_SIZE], map_t map, snake_t snake)
+{
+    // copy collisions
+    for (int i = 0; i < map.collisionCount; i++)
+    {
+        mapFrame[map.collisions[i].posY][map.collisions[i].posX] = 1;
+    }
+    // copy portals
+    for (int i = 0; i < map.portalCount; i++)
+    {
+        mapFrame[map.portals[i].posY][map.portals[i].posX] = 2;
+        mapFrame[map.portals[i].targetY][map.portals[i].targetX] = 3;
+    }
+    // copy snake tail
+    for (int i = 0; i < snake.length; i++)
+    {
+        mapFrame[snake.tail[i][1]][snake.tail[i][0]] = 5;
+    }
+     // copy food
+    mapFrame[game.foodY][game.foodX] = 6;
+    // copy snake head (last element -> head overwrites previous elements)
+    mapFrame[snake.headY][snake.headX] = 4;
+    return;
+}
+
+
+
+//========================
+//======= printMap =======
+//========================
+// function that prints a map to console (stdout)
+// note: currently also prints snake and food which may be bugged/unintended
+#define PRINT_SNAKE_ENABLED
+void printMap(map_t map)
+{
+    LOGI("map: Preview of map '%s' (%dx%d):\n", map.name, map.width, map.height);
+    int mapFrame[MAX_MAP_SIZE][MAX_MAP_SIZE] = {{0}};
+    renderGameToArray(mapFrame, map, game.snake);
+    // --- print top line ---
+    printf("+");
+    for (int i = 0; i < map.width; i++) printf("-");
+    printf("+\n");
+    // --- print field ---
+    // loop through rows (y)
+    for (int row = 0; row < map.height; row++)
+    {
+        printf("|"); // vert line left
+        // loop through line (x)
+        for (int column = 0; column < map.width; column++)
+        {
+            switch (mapFrame[row][column])
+            {
+            case 1: printf("X"); // collistion
+                break;
+            case 2: printf("O"); // portal-in
+                break;
+            case 3: printf("T"); // portal-out
+                break;
+#ifdef PRINT_SNAKE_ENABLED
+            case 4: printf("H"); // snake-head
+                break;
+            case 5: printf("S"); // snake-tail
+                break;
+#endif
+            case 6: printf("F"); // food
+                break;
+            default: printf(" "); // empty
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        printf("|\n"); // vert line right
+    }
+    // --- print bot line ---
+    printf("+");
+    for (int i = 0; i < map.width; i++)
+        printf("-");
+    printf("+\n");
+}
+
+
+
+//===========================
+//======= generateMap =======
+//===========================
 // generate random map based on difficulty level
-map_t generateMap(int difficulty)
+// NOT IMPLEMENTED
+map_t generateMap(int difficulty, int sizeX, int sizeY)
 {
     map_t newMap;
     return newMap;
     // TODO add map generator
 }
 
-// search and load map by name (if not found loads default map)
-void loadMapByName(char *name)
-{
-    LOGI("map: loading map %s", name);
-    return;
-    // TODO add map presets
+
+
+//===========================
+//==== updateBlockSizePx ====
+//===========================
+// calculates width in pixels of one block in the SDL window according to currently loaded map and configured window size and updates the config.
+void updateBlockSizePx(){
+    // due to square pixel requirement
+    // larger dimension of the map has to be used if map is not square
+    if (game.map.height >= game.map.width) {
+        config.blockSizePx = config.windowSize / game.map.height;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        config.blockSizePx = config.windowSize / game.map.width;
+    }
 }
 
+
+
+//===========================
+//====== loadMapByName ======
+//===========================
+// search and load map by name in storedMaps[] (map.c) 
+// stops program when map not found!
+void loadMapByName(char *name)
+{
+    // loop through all stored maps
+    for (int i = 0; i < storedMapsCount; i++)
+    {
+        // compare name
+        if (strcmp(name, storedMaps[i]->name) == 0)
+        {
+            // load matched map
+            LOGI("map: found map '%s'\n", name);
+            loadMap(*storedMaps[i]);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    // map not found
+    printf("[FATAL ERROR] map: could not find '%s' in storedMaps!\n", name);
+    game.gameState = EXIT;
+    return;
+}
+
+
+//===========================
+//========= loadMap =========
+//===========================
 // load map by passed definition
 void loadMap(map_t map)
 {
+    LOGI("map: loading map '%s':\n", map.name);
+#ifdef DEBUG_OUTPUT_ENABLED
+    printMap(map);
+#endif
     game.map = map;
+    // update rendered pixel size (due to new map size)
+    updateBlockSizePx();
     game.mapIsLoaded = true;
     return;
 }
 
-// check if there is collision at certain coordinate
-bool checkCollides(int x, int y)
+
+//===========================
+//====== rotateMapNext ======
+//===========================
+//load next map in stored maps (rotate through stored maps)
+void rotateMapNext(){
+    if (indexLoadedMap >= storedMapsCount -1 ){
+        indexLoadedMap = 0;
+    } else {
+        indexLoadedMap ++;
+    }
+    loadMap(*storedMaps[indexLoadedMap]);
+}
+
+
+
+//===========================
+//====== checkCollides ======
+//===========================
+// check if there is collision box at a certain coordinate
+bool checkCollides(map_t map, int x, int y)
 {
     // loop through all collision boxes on the map
-    for (int i = 0; i < game.map.collisionCount; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < map.collisionCount; i++)
     {
-        // return true if match found
-        if (game.map.collisions[i].posX == x && game.map.collisions[i].posY == y)
+        // LOGD("map: checking collision i=%d at x=%d y=%d\n", i, map.collisions[i].posX, map.collisions[i].posY);
+        if (map.collisions[i].posX == x && map.collisions[i].posY == y)
             return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 
-//TODO add map presets here:
+
+//===========================
+//======= MAP PRESETS =======
+//===========================
+// stored map presets
+// TODO add more maps or map generator
+static const map_t map_default = {
+    .width = 10,
+    .height = 10,
+    .name = "default",
+    .collisions = {{8, 9}, {8, 8}, {4, 5}, {0, 1}},
+    .collisionCount = 4,
+    .portals = {
+        {.posX = 5,
+         .posY = 8,
+         .targetX = 7,
+         .targetY = 1,
+         .color = "blue"}},
+    .portalCount = 1};
+
+
+static const map_t map_empty = {
+    .width = 20,
+    .height = 15,
+    .name = "empty",
+    .collisions = {},
+    .collisionCount = 0,
+    .portals = {
+        {.posX = 5,
+         .posY = 8,
+         .targetX = 7,
+         .targetY = 1,
+         .color = "blue"}},
+    .portalCount = 1};
+
+
+static const map_t map_intermediate = {
+    .width = 15,
+    .height = 15,
+    .name = "intermediate",
+    .collisions = {{8, 9}, {8, 8}, {4, 6}, {0, 1}, {9, 9}, {7, 6}, {4, 0}, {3, 0}, {12, 11}, {14, 13}},
+    .collisionCount = 10,
+    .portals = {
+        {.posX = 5,
+         .posY = 8,
+         .targetX = 13,
+         .targetY = 2,
+         .color = "blue"},
+        {.posX = 2,
+         .posY = 2,
+         .targetX = 3,
+         .targetY = 12,
+         .color = "red"}},
+    .portalCount = 2};
+
+// global variables for accessing the stored maps
+const map_t *storedMaps[16] = {&map_default, &map_empty, &map_intermediate};
+const int storedMapsCount = 3;

src/menu.c

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 #include "menu.h"
+#include "game.h"
 
 
 void showStartScreen(){
+    game.gameState = RUNNING;
     return;
 }
 
 void showLeaderboard(){
+    game.gameState = EXIT;
+    return;
+}
+
+void showPauseScreen(){
+    game.gameState = PAUSED;
     return;
 }
 
@@ -13,6 +21,7 @@ void showSettings(){
     return;
 }
 
-void menuHandleInput(int event){
+void menuHandleInput(SDL_Event event){
+    //compare 'handleInput_runningState(SDL_Event event)' in input.c
     return;
 }

src/render.c

@@ -1,5 +1,137 @@
 #include "render.h"
+#include "SDL.h"
+#include "game.h"
+#include "snake.h"
+#include "food.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+
 
 void renderGame(){
-    return;
+  SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 0, 0, 0, 255);
+  SDL_RenderClear(game.renderer);
+
+  SDL_Rect rect;    //Rechteck anlegen
+  rect.w = config.blockSizePx;    //Breite festlegen
+  rect.h = config.blockSizePx;    //Höhe festlegen
+
+//_______Head kreieren__________________________________________________
+  SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 0, 255, 0, 255);   //RGB-Farbe Kopf
+  rect.x = (game.snake.headX * config.blockSizePx);   //Abstand links
+  rect.y = (game.snake.headY * config.blockSizePx);   //Abstand rechts
+  SDL_RenderFillRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+
+
+//______Tail kreieren_________________________________________________________________
+  for(int i = 1; i<game.snake.length; i++){
+    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 15, 179, 15, 255);   //RGB-Farbe Tail
+    rect.x = (game.snake.tail[i][0] * config.blockSizePx);   //Abstand links
+    rect.y = (game.snake.tail[i][1] * config.blockSizePx);   //Abstand rechts
+    SDL_RenderFillRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+  }
+
+//______Portal kreieren________________________________________________________________________
+  for (int i = 0; i < game.map.portalCount; i++)
+  {
+    switch(i) {     //Farben je nach Start-Portal-Nr.
+      case 0: SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 90, 150, 255, 255); break;   //Start: hellblau
+      case 1: SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 255, 150, 255, 255); break;      //Start: rosa
+      default: SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 255, 150, 150, 255); break;      //Start: hellrot
+    }
+
+    //Start-Portal
+    rect.x = (game.map.portals[i].posX * config.blockSizePx);
+    rect.y = (game.map.portals[i].posY * config.blockSizePx);
+
+    SDL_RenderDrawRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+
+    switch(i) {   //Farben je nach Ausgangs-Portal-Nr.
+      case 0: SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 45, 45, 255, 255); break;   //Ausgang: dunkelblau
+      case 1: SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 204, 0, 204, 255); break;      //Ausgang: violett
+      default: SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 255, 50, 0, 255); break;      //Ausgang: rot
+    }
+
+    //Ausgangs-Portal
+    rect.x = (game.map.portals[i].targetX * config.blockSizePx);
+    rect.y = (game.map.portals[i].targetY * config.blockSizePx);
+
+    SDL_RenderDrawRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+  }
+
+
+//_______Food kreieren_________________________________________________________________________
+  SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 255, 200, 0, 255);   //RGB-Farbe Food
+  rect.x = (game.foodX*config.blockSizePx);   //Abstand links
+  rect.y = (game.foodY* config.blockSizePx);   //Abstand rechts
+  SDL_RenderFillRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+   SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 255, 140, 0, 255);   //RGB-Farbe Food Rahmen
+     SDL_RenderDrawRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+
+
+
+//______Collisions kreieren_________________________________________________________________________
+  for(int i = 0; i < game.map.collisionCount; i++){
+    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 112, 128, 144, 255);   //RGB-Farbe Wand
+    rect.x = (game.map.collisions[i].posX*config.blockSizePx);   //Abstand links
+    rect.y = (game.map.collisions[i].posY* config.blockSizePx);   //Abstand rechts
+    SDL_RenderFillRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 80, 90, 100, 255);   //RGB-Farbe Wand-Rand
+    SDL_RenderDrawRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+  }
+
+//_________________Augen___________________________________________________
+  SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(game.renderer, 255, 255, 255, 255);
+  rect.w = config.blockSizePx/4;    //Breite festlegen
+  rect.h = config.blockSizePx/4;    //Höhe festlegen
+  if (game.snake.direction == LEFT || game.snake.direction == RIGHT){
+  //oberes Auge  
+  rect.x = (game.snake.headX * config.blockSizePx) + config.blockSizePx/2.5;
+  rect.y = (game.snake.headY * config.blockSizePx) + config.blockSizePx/5; 
+  SDL_RenderFillRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+  //unteres Auge
+  rect.x = (game.snake.headX * config.blockSizePx) + config.blockSizePx/2.5;
+  rect.y = (game.snake.headY * config.blockSizePx) + config.blockSizePx/1.7; 
+  SDL_RenderFillRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+  
+  } else {
+  //linkes Auge  
+  rect.x = (game.snake.headX * config.blockSizePx) + config.blockSizePx/5;
+  rect.y = (game.snake.headY * config.blockSizePx) + config.blockSizePx/2.5; 
+  SDL_RenderFillRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+  //rechtes Auge
+  rect.x = (game.snake.headX * config.blockSizePx) + config.blockSizePx/1.7;   //Abstand links
+  rect.y = (game.snake.headY * config.blockSizePx) + config.blockSizePx/2.5; 
+  SDL_RenderFillRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+  }
+  SDL_RenderDrawRect(game.renderer, &rect);    //Rechteck rendern
+
+//______Fenster aktualisieren____________________________________________
+  SDL_RenderPresent(game.renderer);    //Fenster aktualisieren
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+int CreateSDLWindow(){
+    // Erstelle ein SDL-Fenster
+  game.window = SDL_CreateWindow("Snake", 350, 50, config.windowSize, config.windowSize, SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL);
+    if (game.window == NULL) {
+        printf("Fenster konnte nicht erstellt werden! SDL_Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+  game.renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(game.window, -1, SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED);
+    if (game.renderer == NULL) {
+        printf("Renderer konnte nicht erstellt werden! SDL_Error: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+	}
+
+void DestroySDLWindow(){
+      // Zerstöre das Fenster und beende SDL
+    SDL_DestroyRenderer(game.renderer);
+    SDL_DestroyWindow(game.window);
 }

src/snake.c

@@ -1,25 +1,127 @@
 #include "snake.h"
+#include "game.h"   //for access to global 'game' struct
 
-void snakeInit(){
+
+void snakeInit()
+{
+    
+    //-----------------------------------
+    //-------------Default---------------
+    //-----------------------------------
+
+    // length 
+    config.snakeDefaultLength = 2;                   // inkl head
+    game.snake.length = config.snakeDefaultLength;
+
+    // coordinates of head
+    game.snake.headX = game.map.width / 2; 
+    game.snake.headY = game.map.height / 2;
+
+    // movement direction
+    game.snake.direction = 3;    // left
+
+    // coordinates of tail
+    game.snake.tail[0][0] = game.snake.headX;   // X-coordinate
+    game.snake.tail[0][1] = game.snake.headY;   // Y-coordinate
+    game.snake.tail[1][0] = game.snake.headX - 1;   // X-coordinate
+    game.snake.tail[1][1] = game.snake.headY - 1;   // Y-coordinate
+
+    // alive 
+    game.snake.isAlive = true;
     return;
 }
 
-void snakeGrow(){
+void snakeGrow()
+{
+    game.snake.length++;
+    // tail part is attached left of last tail part
+    // maybe problem while rendering --> MUST BE SOLVED THEN
+    game.snake.tail[game.snake.length][0] = game.snake.tail[game.snake.length - 1][0] - 1;
+    game.snake.tail[game.snake.length][1] = game.snake.tail[game.snake.length - 1][1];
     return;
 }
 
-void snakeMove(){
+void snakeMove()
+{   
+    int i = game.snake.length - 1;  // counter for snake moving
+
+    // update head position automatically
+    snakeUpdateHeadPos();
+
+    // tail part of[x,y][0,1] get coordinates of tail part before
+    while(i)
+    {
+        game.snake.tail[i][0] = game.snake.tail[i-1][0];        
+        game.snake.tail[i][1] = game.snake.tail[i-1][1];
+        i--;
+    }
+    game.snake.tail[0][0] = game.snake.headX;
+    game.snake.tail[0][1] = game.snake.headY;
+
     return;
 }
 
-void snakeSetDir(snakeDirection_t dir){
+void snakeSetDir(snakeDirection_t dir)
+{
+    game.snake.direction = dir;
     return;
 }
 
-bool snakeIsAlive(){
+bool snakeIsAlive()
+{
+    for(int i = 1; i < game.snake.length; i++)
+    {
+        if(game.snake.tail[i][0] == game.snake.headX && game.snake.tail[i][1] == game.snake.headY)
+            return false;
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
-void snakeSetHeadPos(){
+void snakeSetHeadPos(int xPos, int yPos)
+{
+    game.snake.headX = xPos;
+    game.snake.headY = yPos;
+    game.snake.tail[0][0] = xPos;
+    game.snake.tail[0][1] = yPos;
+    return;
+}
+
+
+void snakeUpdateHeadPos()
+{
+    switch(game.snake.direction)
+    {   
+        // DOWN
+        case DOWN:
+            game.snake.headX = game.snake.tail[0][0];
+            game.snake.headY = game.snake.tail[0][1] + 1;
+            if(game.snake.headY >= game.map.height) 
+                game.snake.headY = 0;
+            break;
+
+        // UP
+        case UP:
+            game.snake.headX = game.snake.tail[0][0];
+            game.snake.headY = game.snake.tail[0][1] - 1;
+            if(game.snake.headY < 0)
+                game.snake.headY = game.map.height - 1;
+            break;
+
+        // LEFT
+        case LEFT:
+            game.snake.headX = game.snake.tail[0][0] - 1;
+            game.snake.headY = game.snake.tail[0][1];
+            if(game.snake.headX < 0)
+                game.snake.headX = game.map.width - 1;
+            break;
+
+        // RIGHT
+        case RIGHT:
+            game.snake.headX = game.snake.tail[0][0] + 1;
+            game.snake.headY = game.snake.tail[0][1];
+            if(game.snake.headX >= game.map.width) 
+                game.snake.headX = 0;
+            break;
+    }
     return;
 }